Effects of Dissolved Potassium on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Welfare of Juvenile African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Optimal crop production in aquaponics is influenced by water pH and potassium concentrations. The addition of hydroxide (KOH) into the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) may benefit increasing for better biofilter activity supplementing K plant growth quality. We investigated growth, feed conversion, body composition welfare indicators juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) treated with four concentrations (K0 = 2, K200 218, K400 418, K600 671 mg L−1). While conversion final were unaffected, feeding time individual resting significantly increased K+. swimming agonistic behavior reduced under Leftover highest number skin lesions observed K600. suggest that K+ between 200 400 L−1 can improve status catfish. This enables application KOH RAS to supply alkalinity achieve optimum nitrification at minimum exchange nutritional profile process benefits